
Recent molecular studies show that imbalanced gut microbial composition is tightly linked to IBD in the domestic dog. Retrospective studies have identified gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, in particular inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as the second leading cause of captive adult red wolf ( Canis rufus) mortality.

2Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, United States.1Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.


Freeman 4, Haw Chuan Lim 5, Nucharin Songsasen 2 and Carly R.
